Archaeology in the planning process

Understanding the National Planning Policy Framework

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) guides local planning authorities and developers on handling the historic environment during planning. When determining planning applications, we consider how they impact the significance of a heritage asset or its setting.

The NPPF states that in determining planning applications we should take account of the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets. 'Significance' here refers to the value of these assets due to their archaeological, architectural, artistic, or historic interest.

Developer requirements for heritage assets

Developers are required to submit a description of the significance of any heritage assets and their settings affected by their proposal. Depending on the project, this might include:

• A heritage statement for minor alterations or small developments
• An archaeological desk-based assessment for significant ground works
• A detailed building assessment for significant changes to historic buildings

These documents should be prepared by qualified professionals. Please note: for sites with archaeological potential, an archaeological field evaluation may be required before we can determine a planning application.

Preserving archaeological significance

If important archaeological deposits are present, developers may need to preserve these in situ, for example, through engineering re-design or by the reduction or relocation of impacts.

Where the loss of assets can be justified by the merits of a planning application, developers will be required to record and advance understanding of the significance of any assets to be lost in a manner proportionate to their importance, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible.

Oxford's local planning policies

Oxford's archaeological remains, irreplaceable once disturbed, are protected under specific policies in the current Local Plan. The Plan identifies areas with high archaeological potential, including the city centre and historic village centres, and outlines stewardship guidelines. Further information about previously recorded archaeology within Oxford is detailed in the Oxford Archaeological Plan.

Developers unsure about their site's archaeological interest should contact us for advice. Note that charges may apply for substantial developments' pre-application advice.

Archaeological planning conditions

For archaeological requirements related to planning conditions, contact the City Council Archaeologist for a brief. This brief helps obtain quotes from qualified archaeological contractors, listed on the Institute for Archaeologists website.

Archaeological planning conditions normally specify that a development should not proceed until the local planning authority approves an appropriate method statement from an archaeological contractor.

Designated heritage assets in Oxford

Oxford is home to numerous designated heritage assets, including 11 Scheduled Ancient Monuments, 18 Conservation Areas, 11 Registered Parks and Gardens, and more than 1,500 listed buildings. More information is available on the National Heritage List for England.

Work on scheduled monuments is regulated under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. It's an offence to damage these monuments, and consent for any work must be obtained from the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.